Subclass Hamamelidae (Artificial class Amentiferae)



Juglandaceae (Walnut Family)

     7 Genera (2 on Campus)

     60 species



I. Leaves

     A. Deciduous

     B. Alternate

     C. Pinnately compound

     D. Estipulate

     E. More or less aromatic



II. Flowers

     A. Monoecious

     B. Axillary staminate aments

     C. Terminal pistillate solitary/spikes



II. Fruit

     A. Drupaceous Nut with indehiscent or dehiscent  husk



IV. Economic Importance

     A. Lumber

          1. Juglans -> Cabinet wood

          2. Carya -> structural strength

     B.  Edible fruits

     C. Fruit husks & bark -> yellow dyes & tannins



V. Range

     A. N.,C.,S America; West Indies;S. Europe;S.,SE Asia







Generic comparison



I.  Juglans (Walnut)

     Latin Jovis glans = nut of Jupiter

     

     A. Chambered Pith

     B. Fruit husk indehiscent



II. Carya (Hickory)

     Greek for Walnut



     A. Homogeneous Pith

     B. Fruit husk usually dehisces along 4 sutures







Species comparison



Juglans



I. J. nigra (Black Walnut)



     A. 9-23 ovate-lanceolate toothed leaflets

     B. Spherical, glabrous or finely pubescent fruit

     C. Nut corrugations rounded, in groups of 1 or 2

     D. Pale brown/buff pith

     E. Dark brown/black, thin interlaced ridges

     F. Wood:  dark brown, medium luster & texture, uneven figure



II. J. cinerea (Butternut, White Walnut)

     

     A. 11-17 oblong-lanceolate toothed leaflets

     B. Ellipsoid/ovoid pubescent fruit

     C. Nut corrugations sharp, in groups of 2-5

     D. Chocolate pith

     E. Ashy gray, broad interlaced ridges



III. J. regia (English/Persian Walnut)

     [royal]



     A. 7-9 entire leaflets

     B. Nut smooth, in groups 1-3

     C. Silver gray bark

     D. Typically grafted onto J. hindsii stock

     E. Wood:  White, medium luster & texture, uneven figure



IV. J. alanthifolia (Japanese Walnut)



     A. 11-17 toothed leaflets

     B. Up to 20 ovoid Nuts on long raceme covered with sticky hairs







Carya



Section Apocarya (Pecan hickories)

     Bud scales valvate



I. C. illinoinensis (Pecan)

     A. 9-17 serrate/doubly serrate falcate leaflets

     B. Ellipsoidal, husk 4-winged from base to apex

     C. Sweet seed  

     D. Wood:  Reddish brown, low luster, course texture, uneven      

          figure



II. C. cordiformis (Bitternut hickory)

     [heart-shaped]

     A. Sulfer yellow, scurfy pubescent bud scales

     B. Globose/ellipsoidal, husk 4-winged from middle to apex

     C. Bitter seed



Section  Carya (True hickories)



Wood:  Light brown, low luster, course texture, uneven figure



I. C. ovata (Shagbark hickory)

     [ovate-shaped]



     A. Long thin vertical plates seperating from trunk at ends

     B. 5 leaflets



II. C. laciniosa (Shellbark hickory)

     [shaggy]



     A. Long thin vertical plates seperating from trunk at ends

     B. 7 leaflets