My research program is focused on using molecular phylogenetics as a framework to address systematic and evolutionary questions in plants, with a strong concentration on the Asteraceae - the Sunflower Family, and specifically in Tribes Anthemideae (Daisies and Chrysanthemums) and Senecioneae (the giant genus Senecio). I am particularly interested in using molecular markers to understand patterns of biogeography and species diversification. Our research on Tribe Anthemideae has revealed its South African origin with subsequent divergence and migration into western Eurasia and Far East Asia. Its success involves relatively recent radiations of large and widespread genera in the Northern Hemisphere correlated with polyploidy that includes Anthemis and Achillea, and a shift to wind pollination in Artemisia. In Tribe Senecioneae, we are utilizing molecular phylogenies to understand how climatic changes during the Tertiary drove species diversification in Mediterranean type climates on all five continents. Molecular phylogenies are also effective for understanding evolutionary relationships or associations with other organisms. Graduate student research in my lab has focused on ant-plant mutualisms in a lineage of Central American Piper species to understand the evolution of obligate, facultative, vs. no ant associations to answer questions about what morphological traits facilitate these relationships and their pattern of occurrence (single vs. multiple origins, and facultative relationships as a transition to obligate ones). We also are examining the evolution of mycorrhizal relationships with non-photosynthetic orchids in the genus Hexalectris. It is unclear whether a one-to-one relationship between mycorrhizal fungal species and plant species exists, or whether host shifting by the plants among fungal species occurs, or whether or not these associations account for diversification in the orchid lineage. My students have conducted research on a number of different plant groups including Artemisia (sagebrush), Trifolium (clover), Asclepias (milkweeds), Piper (pepper), Hexalectris (crested coralroot), Caribbean Rubiaceae (coffee family), Eriocaulaceae (pipeworts), and even nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The thread that ties these studies together is the utilization of molecular phylogenetics as independenet frameworks with which to address systematic and evolutionary questions. Articles in Peer-Reviewed Journals Unwin, Matthew M., Linda E. Watson, Paulo T, Sano, Fabiane N. DaCosta. In review. Intergeneric relationships in Eriocaulaceae based on a molecular phylogeny of chloroplast markers. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Henson, B.J., L.E. Pennington, L.E. Watson, and S.R. Barnum. 2007, in press. Excision of the nifD element in heterocystous cyanobacteria. Archives of Microbiology. Badr, A, H. El-Shazly, and L.E. Watson. 2007, in press. Origin and ancestry of the Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) revealed by AFLP markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. Pelser, P.B., B. Nordenstam, J.W. Kadereit, and L.E. Watson. 2007. An ITS phylogeny of Tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) and a new delimitation of Senecio. Taxon 56: 1077-1104. Tepe, E.J., M.A. Vincent, and L.E. Watson. 2007. The importance of petiole structure on inhabitability by ants in Piper sect. Macrostachys (Piperaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 153: 181-191. Tepe, E.J., M.A. Vincent, and L.E. Watson. 2007. Comparative morphology of ant associated plant structures in Piper sect. Macrostachys (Piperaceae): Stem structure and excavation of cauline domatia. American Journal of Botany 94: 1-12. Henson, Brian J., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. 2005. Characterization of a 4kb variant of the nifD element in Anabaena sp. Strain ATCC 33047. Current Microbiology 50: 129-132. Henson, Brian J., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. 2004. The evolutionary history of nitrogen fixation, as assessed by nifD. Journal of Molecular Evolution 58:390-399. Henson, Brian J., Sharon M. Hesselbrock, Linda E. Watson, and Susan M. Barnum. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of heterocystous cyanobacteria (Subsections IV and V) based on nifD. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54:493-497. Negrón-Ortiz, Vivian, and Linda E. Watson. 2003. Hypotheses for the colonization of the Caribbean Basin by two genera of the Rubiaceae. Systematic Botany 28:442-451. Badr, Abdelfattah, Hanan Sayed-Ahmed, Adel El-Shanshouri, and Linda E. Watson. 2002. Ancestors of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), as revealed by isozyme polymorphisms. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 106:143-148. Negrón-Ortiz, Vivian, and Linda E. Watson. 2002. Molecular Phylogenetics of Caribbean endemic genus Erithalis (Rubiaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 234:71-83. Watson, Linda E., Amy B. Kornkven, Carter R. Miller, James R. Allison, Newell B. McCarty, and Matthew M. Unwin. 2002. Morphometric and genetic variation in Eriocaulon koernickianum (Eriocaulaceae): a rare and disjunct species of the southeastern United States. Castanea 67:74-84. Watson, Linda E., Paul L. Bates, Matthew M. Unwin, Timothy M. Evans, and James R. Estes. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of Subtribe Artemisiinae (Anthemideae: Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2: 17 (12 pp.). http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/2/17 Badr, Abdel, Hanaa El Shazly, Haddad El Rabey, and Linda E. Watson. 2002. Systematic relationships of Lathyrus Section Lathyrus (Fabaceae), based on AFLP data. Canadian Journal of Botany 80: 962-969. Henson, Brian J., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. 2002. Molecular differentiation of Nostoc and Anabaena strains based on complete nifD sequences. Current Microbiology. 45: 161-164. Moynihan, Jeremy, and Linda E. Watson. 2001. Phylogeography, generic allies, and nomenclature of Caribbean endemic genus Neolaugeria (Rubiaceae), based on ITS sequences. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 162: 393-401. Watson, Linda E., Hanan Sayed-Ahmed, and Abdel Badr. 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Old World Trifolium (Fabaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 224: 153-171. Watson, Linda E., Timothy M. Evans, and Tatiana Boluarte. 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae), based on chloroplast gene ndhF. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 15: 59-69. Kornkven, Amy B., Linda E. Watson, and James R. Estes. 1999. Molecular phylogeny of Artemisia sect. Tridentatae (Asteraceae) based on chloroplast DNA restriction site variation. Systematic Botany 24: 69-84. Kornkven, Amy B., Linda E. Watson, and James R. Estes. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of Artemisia sect. Tridentatae (Asteraceae) based on sequences from internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. American Journal of Botany 85: 1787-1795. Daugherty, John, Timothy B. Evans, Tally Skillom, Linda E. Watson, and Nicholas P. Money. 1998. Evolution of spore release mechanisms in the Saprolegniaceae (Oomycetes): evidence from a phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. Fungal Genetics and Biology 24: 354-363. Strother, John L., and Linda E. Watson. 1997. Chromosome numbers in Compositae from Morocco and Spain. Sida 17: 627-629. Wolfe, Andrea D., Wayne J. Elisens, Linda E. Watson, and Claude W. dePamphilis. 1997. Using restriction site variation of PCR-amplified cpDNA genes for phylogenetic analysis: a case study of Cheloneae (Scrophulariaceae). American Journal of Botany. 84:555-564. Strother, John, Linda E. Watson, and Jose Panero. 1996. Chromosome numbers from South African Compositae. Sida 17:265-268. Watson, Linda E., Wayne J. Elisens, and James R. Estes. 1994. Genetic differentiation in populations of Marshallia graminifolia s.lat. (Asteraceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22:577-582. Vezey, Edward L., Linda E. Watson, John J. Skvarla, and James R. Estes. 1994. Plesiomorphic and apomorphic pollen structure characteristics of Anthemideae (Asteroideae: Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany 81:648-657 Watson, Linda E., Gordon E. Uno, Newell McCarty, and Amy B. Kornkven. 1994. Conservation biology of a rare plant species, Eriocaulon kornickianum (Eriocaulaceae). American Journal of Botany 81:980-986. Watson, Linda E., Robert K. Jansen, and James R. Estes. 1991. Tribal placement of Marshallia (Asteraceae) utilizing chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping. American Journal of Botany 78:1028-1035. Watson, Linda E., Wayne J. Elisens, and James R. Estes. 1991. Cytogenetic and electrophoretic evidence for the allotetraploid origin of Marshallia mohrii (Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany 78:408-416. Watson Linda E., and James R. Estes. 1990. Biosystematic and phenetic analysis of Marshallia (Asteraceae). Systematic Botany 15:403-414. Jakupovic, J., L. Paredes, F. Bohlmann, and L. Watson. 1988. Prenyl flavane glycosides from Marshallia species. Phytochemistry 27:3273-3275. Eid, F., J. Jakupovic, F. Bohlmann, L. Watson, and J. Estes. 1988. Further guaianolides from Hymenopappus species. Phytochemistry 27:193-195. Christoph Oberprieler, Sven Himmelreich, Mari Kallersjo, Joan Valles, Linda E. Watson, and Robert Vogt. In review. Phylogeny of Tribe Anthemideae Cass., in Funk, V. and T. Stuessy [eds.], Systematics and Evolution of the Asteraceae. Nordenstam, Bertil, Pieter B. Pelser, Joachim W. Kadereit, and Linda E. Watson. In review. Phylogeny of Tribe Senecioneae Cass., in Funk, V. and T. Stuessy [eds.], Systematics and Evolution of the Asteraceae. Fulton, Susannah B.J., and Linda E. Watson. In review. Bixaceae. Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Oberprieler, Christoph, Robert Vogt, and Linda E. Watson. 2007. Tribe Anthemideae. In: J. Kadereit and Charles Jeffrey, [eds.], Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume 8, Asterales, pp. 342-373. Springer, Inc. Anderberg, A. A., B. G. Baldwin, R. G. Bayer, J. Breitwieser, C. Jeffrey, M. O. Dioon, P. Eldenas, V. Funk, N. Garcia-Jacas, D. J. N. Hind, P. O. Karis, H. W. Lack, G. Nesom, B. Nordenstam, C. Oberpreiler, J. L. Panero, C. Puttock, H. Robinson, T. F. Stuessy, A. Susanna, E. Urtubey, R. Vogt, J. Ward, and L. E. Watson. 2007. Compositae. In: J. Kadereit and Charles Jeffrey, [eds.], Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume 8, Asterales, pp. 61--86. Springer, Inc. Watson, Linda E. 2006. Anthemis, in Vol. 19, pp. 537-538. Barkley, T.M, L. Brouillet, J.L. Strother [eds.], Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Watson, Linda E. 2006. Chamaemelum, in Vol. 19, pp. 496. Barkley, T.M, L. Brouillet, J.L. Strother [eds.], Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Watson, Linda E. 2006. Cladanthus, in Vol. 19, pp. 495-498. Barkley, T.M, L. Brouillet, J.L. Strother [eds.], Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Watson, Linda E. 2006. Cotula, in Vol. 19, pp. 543-547. Barkley, T.M, L. Brouillet, J.L. Strother [eds.], Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Watson, Linda E. 2006. Cota, in Vol. 19, pp. 547. Barkley, T.M, L. Brouillet, J.L. Strother [eds.], Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Watson, Linda E. 2006. Santolina, in Vol. 19, pp. 497-498. Barkley, T.M, L. Brouillet, J.L. Strother [eds.], Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Watson, Linda E. 2006. Soliva, in Vol. 19, pp. 545-546. Barkley, T.M, L. Brouillet, J.L. Strother [eds.], Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Watson, Linda E. 2006. Tanacetum in Vol. 19, pp. 489-491. Barkley, T.M, L. Brouillet, J.L. Strother [eds.], Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Watson, Linda E. 2006. Marshallia in Vol. 21, pp. 456-458. Barkley, T.M, L. Brouillet, J.L. Strother [eds.], Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Oxford University Press. Watson, Linda E. 2005. Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera: A molecular phylogenetic approach to understanding its diversification and major lineages. In: Ling, Y, Ren, H., Chenye, L., Mingjian, H., and Qianxi, M. (eds.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Artemisia L. & its Allies: Systematics, Resources, and Economic Uses. Pp. 58-69. Science Education Publishing Company, Guangzhou, China. Funk, V. A., R. J. Bayer, S. Keeley, R. Chan, L. Watson, B. Gemeinholzer, E. Schilling, J. L. Panero, B. G. Baldwin, N. Garcia-Jacas, A. Susanna, and R. K. Jansen. 2005. Everywhere but Antarctica: Using a supertree to understand the diversity and distribution of the Compositae. In: Friis, I. & Balslev, H. (eds.), Proceedings of a Symposium on Plant Diversity and Complexity Patterns - Local, Regional and Global Dimensions. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen. Biol. Skr. 55:343-374. Recipient of the U.S. National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution) Achievement Award for best paper published in 2005. Watson, Linda E. 2005. Taxonomic treatments for the following Asteraceae genera: Brickellia Galinsoga, Marshallia, Mikania, Liatris, and Palafoxia. In: Tyrl, R.J., S.C. Barber, P. Buck, W. Elisens, J.R. Estes, P. Folley, L.K. Magrath, C.E.S. Taylor, and R.A. Thompson. Identification of Oklahoma Plants. Flora Oklahoma Incorporated, Noble, Oklahoma. Tepe, Eric J., Michael A. Vincent, and Linda E. Watson. 2004. Phylogenetic patterns, evolutionary trends, and origin of ant-plant mutualisms in Piper sect. Macrostachys: Burger’s hypotheses revisited. In: L. Dyer and A. Palmer [eds.], Piper: A Model Genus for the Study of Phytochemistry, Ecology and Evolution. Kluwer Academic Press. Watson, Linda E. 1996. Molecular systematics of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae). Pp. 341-348 in Proceedings of the Kew International Compositae Conference, C. N. Hind [ed.]. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Jansen, Robert K., Robert S. Wallace, Helen J. Michaels, Ki-Joong Kim, Sterling Keeley, Linda E. Watson, and Jeffrey D. Palmer. 1992. Chloroplast DNA variation in the Asteraceae: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications. Pp. 252-279 in Plant Molecular Systematics, P.S. Soltis, D.E. Soltis, and J.J. Doyle [eds.], New York: Chapman and Hall. Invited Presentations at Scientific Meetings: XII OPTIMA Meeting. Pisa, 2007. Mediterranean Basin diversifications in Tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). w/P. Pelser, B. Nordenstam, J. Kadereit. The International Compositae Alliance (TICA), Systematics and Evolution of the Compositae: A symposium, Barcelona. 2006. An ITS phylogeny of Tribe Senecioneae and a new delimitation of Senecio. w/P. Pelser, B. Nordenstam, J. Kadereit. The International Compositae Alliance (TICA), Systematics and Evolution of the Compositae: A symposium, Barcelona. 2006. Tribe Anthemideae. w/C. Oberpreiler, S. Himmelreich, M. Kallerso, J. Valles, R. Vogt. International Symposium on Artemisia L. & its Allies: Systematics, Resources, and Economic Uses. Guangzhou-Zhongshan City, China. 2005. Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera: A molecular phylogenetic approach to understanding its diversification and major lineages. XVII International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria. 2005. Origin and diversification of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae). w/C. Oberprieler, J. Valles-Xirau. XVII International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria. 2005. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of a giant: a preliminary ITS phylogeny of Senecio and Tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). w/P. Pelser, J. Kadereit, B. Nordenstam, I. Breitwieser, S. Wagstaff. XVII International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria. 2005. w/V. Funk, R. Bayer, B. Gemeinholtzer, C. Oberprieler, N. Garcia-Jacas, and A. Susanna. A supertree for the Asteraceae. The International Compositae Alliance, First International Meeting with the South African National Botanic Congress. Pretoria, South Africa. 2003. Molecular phylogeny of Tribe Anthemideae – an overview. The International Compositae Alliance, First International Meeting with the South African National Botanic Congress. Pretoria, South Africa. 2003. The treatment of Compositae-Anthemideae in Kubitzki’s “Families and Genera of Vascular Plants.” w/C. Oberprieler, R. Vogt. IV International Legume Conference, Canberra, Australia. 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Old World Trifolium (Fabaceae) species. w/H. Sayed-Ahmed, A. Badr. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Caribbean Biogeography Symposium, Albuquerque, NM. 2001. Molecular phylogenetics of Ernodea and Erithalis (Rubiaceae): Implications for Caribbean biogeography. w/V. Negron-Ortiz. XVI International Botanical Congress, St. Louis, MO. 1999. Molecular systematics of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae). XV Trifolium Conference, Madison, WI. 1998. Molecular systematics of the Trifolieae (Fabaceae): Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. w/K. Steele, A. Liston, H. Sayed-Ahmed, S. Downie, M. Wojciechowski. American Institute of Biological Sciences, Montreal. 1996. Conserving native plant biodiversity in Canada and the U.S.: a cross border comparison of problems and approaches. International Compositae Conference, Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, England. 1994. Molecular systematics of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae). Association of Systematics Collections, Honolulu, HI. 1994. Data ownership and public databases. Natural Heritage Network and Conservation Data Centers, Estes Park, CO. 1994. Data ownership and proprietary database issues. Contributed Presentations at Scientific Meetings: Li Pan, Michelle Sinden, Aaron H. Kennedy, Heebyung Chai, Linda E. Watson, Terrence L. Graham, A. Douglas Kinghorn. Diterpenoids and Sesquiterpene Lactones from Helianthus tuberosus. 7th Annual Oxford International Conference on the Science of Botanicals and the American Society of Pharmacognosy 4th Interim Meeting. April 2008, Oxford, MS. Pelser, Pieter B., Eric J. Tepe, Aaron H. Kennedy, Alicia Marticorena, Mary T.K. Arroyo, and Linda E. Watson. Mediterranean diversifications in Tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). Botany 2007, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, July 2007, Chicago, IL. Pelser, Pieter B., Eric J. Tepe, Aaron H. Kennedy, Alicia Marticorena, and Linda E. Watson. Mediterranean diversifications in Tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). Symposium on Origin and Evolution of Biota in Mediterranean Climate Zones: An Integrative Vision, July 2007, Zurich, Switzerland. Fulton, Susannah B.J. and Linda E. Watson. Comparative ethnobotany of Cochlospermaceae throughout its pantropical distribution. Society for Economic Botany, June 2007, Chicago, IL. Kennedy, Aaron H. and Linda E. Watson. Phylogenetic relationships and patterns of mycorrhizal association within myco-heterotrophic Hexalectris Raf. (Orchidaceae). Botany 2006, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2006. Chico, CA. Tepe, Eric J., Peiter B. Pelser, and Linda E. Watson. Molecular clock dating of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae). Botany 2006, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2006. Chico, CA. Pelser, Pieter. B., Bertil Nordenstam, Joachim W. Kadereit. An ITS phylogeny of Tribe Senecioneae and a new delimitation of Senecio. Botany 2006, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2006. Chico, CA. Tepe, Eric J., Peiter B. Pelser, and Linda E. Watson. Molecular clock dating of Tribe Anthemideae. The International Compositae Alliance, Systematics and Evolution of the Compositae: A symposium. July 2006. Barcelona, Spain. Henson, Brian J., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. Identification of the nucleotides required for the excision on the nifD element in the heterocystous cyanobacteria. American Society of Microbiology, June 2005. Atlanta, GA. Kennedy, Aaron H., and Linda E. Watson. Phylogenetic relationships within the myco-heterotrophic orchid genus Hexalectris (Orchidaceae). Botany 2005, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2005. Austin, TX. Tepe Eric J., Michael A.Vincent, and Linda E. Watson. Phylogeny and Biogeography of Piper sect. Macrostachys (Piperaceae). XVII International Botanical Congress, July 2005. Vienna, Austria. Funk, V. A., R. J. Bayer, S. Keeley, R. Chan, L. Watson, B. Gemeinholzer, E. Schilling, J. L. Panero, B. G. Baldwin, N. Garcia-Jacas, A. Susanna, and R. K. Jansen. Everywhere but Antarctica: Using a supertree to understand the diversity and distribution of the Compositae. Botany 2004, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2004. Snowbird, UT. Pelser, Peiter B., Joachim W. Kadereit, Bertil Nordenstam, Ilse Breitwieser, Steve J. Wagstaff, and Linda E. Watson. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of a giant: a preliminary ITS phylogeny of Senecio and Tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). Botany 2004, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2004. Snowbird, UT. Pelser, Peiter B., Joachim W. Kadereit, Bertil Nordenstam, Ilse Breitwieser, Steve J. Wagstaff, and Linda E. Watson. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of a giant: a preliminary ITS phylogeny of Senecio and Tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). Botanikertagung 2004, August 2004. Braunschweig, Germany. **received 'Best Poster' award. Tepe, Eric J., Michael A. Vincent, and Linda E. Watson. Phylogeny and the evolution of weediness in Trifolium sect. Chronosemium (Fabaceae): a first look based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences. International Organization of Plant Biosystematists, May 2004, Valencia, Spain. Henson B. J., Watson L. E., and Barnum S. R. Characterization of the hupL element in Cylindrospermum sp. Strain PCC 7417. American Society for Microbiology, May 2004, New Orleans, LA. Graham, Terrence, Watson, Linda E., Nameth, Stephen T., Brueggemeier, Robert W., and Cassady, John M. Ohio Native, Crop and Ornamental Plants as a source of natural products for the discovery of novel pharmaceutical and crop protection activities. Consortium for Plant Biotech Research, February 2004, Washington, DC. Graham, Terrence, Watson, Linda E., Nameth, Stephen T., Brueggemeier, Robert W., and Cassady, John M. Ohio Native, Crop and Ornamental Plants as a source of natural products for the discovery of novel pharmaceutical and crop protection activities. Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium, September 2003, Kent, OH. Heafner, Kerry D., Hickey, R. James, and Watson, Linda E. Taxonomic and Systematic Studies of the Isoetes melanopoda Gay & Durieu Assemblage in Eastern North America. Botany 2003, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2003, Mobile, AL. Tepe, Eric, Michael A. Vincent, and Linda E. Watson. Phylogenetic patterns and evolutionary trends in Piper subgenus Macrostachys: Evolution of ant mutualisms. Biennial Conference of the Systematics Association, August 2003, Dublin, Ireland. Kenyon, Kyle C., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. Use of the 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA for phylogenetic analysis of the heterocystous cyanobacteria. American Society for Microbiology, May 2003, Washington, D.C. Henson, Brian J., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. Phylogenetic analysis of the heterocystous cyanobacteria using nifD. American Society for Microbiology, May 2003, Washington, D.C. Kenyon, Kyle C., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. Phylogenetic analysis of the heterocystous cyanobacteria based on 23S and 16S ribosomal RNA. Ohio Academy of Sciences, April 2003 Henson, Brian J., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. Variation of the nifD element in the heterocystous cyanobacteria. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 2003, Washington, D.C. Henson, Brian J., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. Phylogeny of heterocystous cyanobacteria Sects. IV and V based on nifD. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 2003, Washington, D.C. Kenyon, Kyle C., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. The molecular phylogeny of the heterocystous cyanobactera as assessed by 23S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 2003, Washington, D.C. Bates, Paul L., Linda E. Watson, and James R. Estes. Molecular systematics of the Artemisia ludoviciana complex (Asteraceae: Tribe Anthemideae) based on the ITS and ETS regions of rDNA. Botany 2002, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2002. Madison, WI. Unwin, Matthew M., Paulo Takeo Sano, Linda E. Watson, and Fabiane Nepomucenoda Costa. Systematics of the Eriocaulaceae. Botany 2002, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2002. Madison, WI. Tepe, Eric J., Michael A. Vincent, and Linda E. Watson. Novel myrmecophytes among Central American Piper subg. Macrostachys: morphological and anatomical variation in ant-associated plant parts. Botany 2002, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists. August 2002. Madison, WI. Watson, Linda E., Hanaa El-Shazly, Hanan Sayed-Ahmed, Michael A. Vincent, and Fattahabdel Badr. Molecular phylogeny of Trifolium (Fabaceae). Botany 2002, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists. August 2002. Madison, WI. Henson, Brian J., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. The evolutionary history of nitrogen fixation, as assessed by nifD. American Association of Plant Biologists, Midwest Section. March 2002. Oxford, OH. Watson, Linda E., Hanaa El-Shazly, Hanan Sayed-Ahmed, Michael A. Vincent, and Fattahabdel Badr. Molecular phylogeny of Trifolium (Fabaceae). 17th Trifolium Conference, April 2002, Overton, TX. Heafner, Kerry D., R. James Hickey, and Linda E. Watson. Systematic studies of the Isöetes melanopoda Gay & Durieu assemblage: insights from allozyme data. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 2002, Asheville, NC. Henson, Brian, Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. Vertical descent of nifD in heterocystous cyanobacteria. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 2002, Asheville, NC. Henson, Brian, Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. Vertical descent of nifD in heterocystous cyanobacteria American Society of Microbiologists, May 2002. Salt Lake City, UT. Henson, Brian J., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. The evolutionary history of nitrogen fixation, as assessed by nifD. American Society of Plant Biologists. August 2002. Denver, CO. Lynch, Steven P, Linda E. Watson, Peter Meyer, Brian Farrell, and Richard Olmstead. Molecular phylogeny of North American Asclepias (Asclepiadaceae). Botany 2001, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2001. Albuquerque, NM. Tepe, Eric J., Michael A. Vincent, and Linda E. Watson. Evolution of ant mutualisms in Piper subg. Macrostachys (Piperaceae): variation in ant associated characters. Botany 2001, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2001. Albuquerque, NM. Badr, Abdelfattah, Hanaa H. El Shazly, Haddad El Rabey, and Linda E. Watson. DNA amplified fragment length polymorphisms and the relationships of Lathyrus (Fabaceae). Botany 2001, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2001. Albuquerque, NM. Unwin, Matthew M., Paulo Takeo Sano, and Linda E. Watson. Molecular Systematics of the Eriocaulaceae: evidence from chloroplast sequence data. Botany 2001, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2001. Albuquerque, NM. Watson, Linda E., Timothy M. Evans, Matthew M. Unwin, and Amy B. Kornkven. Origin and Diversification of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae), based on molecular phylogenies of ndhF and ITS. Botany 2001, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2001. Albuquerque, NM. Li, Xuesong, Susan R. Barnum, and Linda E. Watson. Phylogenetic relationships among eight genera of heterocystous cyanobacteria using 23SrRNA sequencing. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 2001. New Orleans, LA. Heafner, Kerry D., R. James Hickey, and Linda E. Watson. Systematic studies of the Isöetes melanopoda assemblage in North America. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 2001. New Orleans, LA. Henson, Brian, Susan R. Barnum, and Linda E. Watson. Evolution of nifD in heterocystous cyanobacteria. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 2001. New Orleans, LA. Lynch, Steven P, Linda E. Watson, Peter Meyer, Brian Farrell, and Richard Olmstead. Molecular phylogeny of North American Asclepias (Asclepiadaceae). Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 2001. New Orleans, LA. Watson, Linda E., Timothy M. Evans, Amy B. Kornkven, Matthew M. Unwin, and Paul L. Bates. Phylogenetic relationships of Artemisia and its allies (Asteraceae), based on molecular data. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 2001. New Orleans, LA. Li, Xuesong, Susan R. Barnum, and Linda E. Watson. Phylogenetic relationships among eight genera of heterocystous cyanobacteria using 23SrRNA sequencing. Ohio Academy of Science. April 2001. Alliance, OH. Henson, Brian, Susan R. Barnum, and Linda E. Watson. Evolution of nifD in heterocystous cyanobacteria. Ohio Academy of Science. April 2001. Alliance, OH. Bates, Paul L., Linda E. Watson, and James R. Estes. Phylogeny of the Artemisia ludoviciana complex, ITS and ETS sequences. Botany 2000, Botanical Society of America and American Society of Plant Taxonomists, August 2000, Portland, OR. Heafner, Kerry D., R. James Hickey, and Linda E. Watson. Systematic studies of the Isöetes melanopoda assemblage in North America. Quillwort Millenium Symposium, March 2000. Douglas, GA. Barnum, Susan R., Linda E. Watson, and Brian Henson. Evolution of nifD in heterocystous cyanobacteria. Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium, September 1999, Mohican State Park, OH. Watson, Linda E., Timothy M. Evans, Amy B. Kornkven, and Matthew M. Unwin. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae). XVI International Botanical Congress, August 1999, St. Louis, MO. Unwin, Matthew M. and Linda E. Watson. Systematics and biogeography of Lachnocaulon (Eriocaulaceae). XVI International Botanical Congress, August 1999, St. Louis, MO. Bates, Paul L., Linda E. Watson, and James R. Estes. Phylogeny of the diploid taxa of the Artemisia ludoviciana complex. XVI International Botanical Congress, August 1999, St. Louis, MO. Negrón-Ortiz, Vivian, Jeremy Moynihan, and Linda E. Watson. Molecular phylogenies and biogeographies of three Rubiaceae genera, endemic to the Caribbean Basin. XVI International Botanical Congress, August 1999, St. Louis, MO. Unwin, Matthew M. and Linda E. Watson. Systematic relationships of Lachnocaulon (Eriocaulaceae). Monocots II, Second International Symposium, September 1998, Sidney, Australia. Watson, Linda E., Amy B. Kornkven, and Y.-R. Ling. 1998. Segregate and allied genera of Artemisia, s.l. (Asteraceae), evidence from ITS sequence data. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1998, Baltimore, MD. Unwin, Matthew M. and Linda E. Watson. Systematics of Lachnocaulon (Eriocaulaceae). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1998, Baltimore, MD. Badr, Fattah A., Hanan Sayed-Ahmed, Linda E. Watson, and E. Shanshouri. Ancestors of Trifolium repens (Fabaceae) and its relatives, as revealed by isozyme polymorphism. International Organization of Plant Biosystematists, August 1998, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Watson, Linda E., and Timothy M. Evans. Phylogeny of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae), an analysis of nuclear and plastid sequences. Association of Southeastern Biologists. April 1998, Monroe, LA. Moynihan, Jeremy, and Linda E. Watson. A phylogenetic study of Neolaugeria (Rubiaceae) using ITS sequences. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 1998, Monroe, LA. Unwin, Matthew M. and Linda E. Watson. Systematics of Lachnocaulon (Eriocaulaceae). Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 1998, Monroe, LA. Watson, Linda E., and Timothy M. Evans. Molecular systematics of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae). Ohio Academy of Science, April 1998, Middletown, OH. Daugherty, John, Timothy M. Evans, Tally Skillom, Linda E. Watson, and Nicholas P. Money. Evolution of spore release mechanisms in the Saprolegniaceae (Oomycetes): evidence from a phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. Ohio Academy of Science, April 1998, Middletown, OH. Watson, Linda E., Timothy M. Evans, and M. Kathleen DiMasi. Molecular Phylogeny of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae), ITS and ndhF sequences. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1997, in Montreal, Canada. Unwin, Matthew M. and Linda E. Watson. The role of ecotypes in the speciational process: A molecular re-examination of the Clausen, Keck, and Heisey studies on Achillea (Asteraceae). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1997, in Montreal, Canada. Kornkven, Amy B. and Linda E. Watson. Molecular systematics of Artemisia sect. Tridentatae (Asteraceae). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1997, in Montreal, Canada. Unwin, Matthew and Linda E. Watson. The role of ecotypes in the speciational process: A molecular re-examination of the Clausen, Keck, and Heisey studies on Achillea. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 1997, in Greenville, SC. Watson, Linda E., Timothy M. Evans, and M. Kathleen DiMasi. Molecular Phylogeny of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae), based on ndhF sequence data. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 1997, in Greenville, SC. DiMasi, M. Kathleen, Watson, Linda E., and Timothy M. Evans. Molecular Phylogeny of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae), based on ITS sequence data. Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 1997, in Greenville, SC. Bennetsen, Derek, and Linda E. Watson. Genetic variation in Lonicera mackii (Caprifoliaceae). Association of Southeastern Biologists, April 1997, in Greenville, SC. Watson, Linda E., Timothy M. Evans, and Tatiana Boluarte. Phylogeny of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae), based on ndhF sequences. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August, 1996, Seattle, WA. Sayed-Ahmed, Hanan, Linda E. Watson, and Abdelfattah Badr. Phylogeny of Old World Trifolium (Fabaceae) species, based on ITS sequences. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August, 1996, Seattle, WA. Watson, Linda E. Molecular phylogeny of Marshallia (Asteraceae), based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division. May, 1995, Norman, OK. Watson, Linda E., Amy B. Kornkven, Carter R. Miller. Morphological and genetic divergence among disjunct populations of Eriocaulon kornickianum (Eriocaulaceae). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1993. Ames, IA. Watson, Linda E., Edward L. Vezey, John J. Skvarla, and Andrea B. Wolfe. Non-anthemoid pollen in the basal lineage of Tribe Anthemideae: plesiomorphy or homoplasy? American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1993. Ames, IA. Kornkven, Amy B., Linda E. Watson, and James R. Estes. A molecular systematic study of Artemisia Section Tridentata. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1993. Ames, IA. Wolfe, Andrea D., Wayne J. Elisens, Linda E. Watson, and C.W. dePamphilis. Using RFLPs of chloroplast gene PCR-products for phylogenetic analysis. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1993. Ames, IA. Wolfe, Andrea D., Wayne J. Elisens, Linda E. Watson, C.W. dePamphilis, and C.R. Freeman. A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of North American Cheloneae (Scrophulariaceae): evidence from chloroplast PCR-product restriction site variation. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1993. Ames, IA. Cruze, Patty B., James R. Estes, and Linda E. Watson. Phylogenetic analysis of Calamovilfa (Poaceae) and its biogeographic implications. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1993. Ames, IA. Wolfe, Andrea D., Wayne J. Elisens, Linda E. Watson, C.W. dePamphilis and C.R. Freeman. The use of PCR-product RFLPs to investigate phylogenetic and biogeographic hypotheses. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division, April 1993, Albuquerque, NM. Kornkven, Amy B., Linda E. Watson, and James R. Estes. A molecular systematic study of Artemisia sect. Tridentatae (Asteraceae). American Association for the Advancement of Science, Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division, April 1993, Albuquerque , NM. Schultz, Leila M., Edith B. Allen, Linda E. Watson, and Amy B. Kornkven. Phenotypic variation and genetic divergence among populations of Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae:Anthemideae). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August, 1992. Honolulu, HI. Vezey, Edward L., John J. Skvarla, Linda E. Watson, and James R. Estes. Pollen exine structure in Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae) - a quantitative comparison using computer-generated straight-line measurements. Oklahoma Academy of Sciences, April 1992. Lawton, OK. Vezey, Edward L., Linda E. Watson, John J. Skvarla, and James R. Estes. Analysis of subtribal relationships in Anthemideae (Asteraceae) using sculptural and structural variation in anthemoid pollen.. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August, 1991. San Antonio, TX. Watson, Linda E. and James R. Estes. Systematics of Marshallia (Asteraceae). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August, 1991. San Antonio, TX. McCarty, Newell A., Gordon E. Uno, and Linda E. Watson. Reproductive ecology of Eriocaulon kornickianum (Eriocaulaceae). Botanical Society of America, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August, 1991. San Antonio, TX. Watson, Linda. E., Wayne J. Elisens, James R. Estes. Genetic differentiation in Marshallia graminifolia complex (Asteraceae): a previously hypothesized progenitor-derivative species pair. International Congress for Systematic and Evolutionary Biology. July, 1990. College Park, MD. Watson, Linda. E. and Robert K. Jansen, and James R. Estes. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast and nuclear DNA variation in Marshallia (Asteraceae). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Sciences, August, 1990. Richmond, VA. Watson, Linda E., Robert K. Jansen, and James R. Estes. Tribal placement of Marshallia (Asteraceae), based on chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping. American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Science, August, 1989. Toronto, CA.Watson, Linda. E.. Endemic plant species of the Ouachita Mountains. Oklahoma Academy of Science, April 1989. Edmond, OK. Watson, Linda E., James R. Estes, and Wayne J. Elisens. Biosystematic and electrophoretic investigation of Marshallia (Asteraceae). Association for the Advancement of Science, Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division. May, 1988, Wichita, KS. [Best Student Presentation Award, Honorable Mention] Watson, Linda E. and James R. Estes. A phenetic analysis of morphological variation in Marshallia (Asteraceae). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Science, August, 1988. Davis, CA. Watson, Linda E., James R. Estes, and Wayne J. Elisens. A biosystematic and electrophoretic investigation of a polyploid complex in Marshallia (Asteraceae). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Science, August, 1988. Davis, CA. Watson, Linda E. and James R. Estes. Chromosomal evolution in Marshallia (Asteraceae). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with American Institute of Biological Science, August, 1987. Columbus, OH.
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