MBI 111 Microorganisms and Human Disease

Diseases Transmitted by Gastrointestinal Infection

Background

• Anatomy and associated host defense factors
  • oral cavity (mouth), pharynx (throat), esophagus
    • physical

    • chemical

    • cellular

  • stomach
    • physical

    • chemical

    • cellular

  • small intestine
    • physical

    • chemical

    • cellular

  • large intestine - includes colon, rectum and anus
    • physical

    • chemical

    • cellular

• epidemiology
  • transmission

  • predisposing factors

  • incidence

Gastrointestinal Diseases

• Dental Caries
  • epidemiology: Streptococcus mutans - other acidogenic normal microbiota, including S. sanguis, S. mitis and S. salivarius

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Periodontal Disease - Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)
  • epidemiology: Bacteriodes forsythus, Leptotrichia buccalis, Pophyromonas gingivalis, Treponema vincentii and Eikenella spp. (normal bacterial microbiota)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Oral Herpes ("Cold" Sores or Fever Blisters)
  • epidemiology: Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Thrush
  • epidemiology: Candida albicans (bacterium)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Helicobacter Peptic Disease Syndrome (Ulcers)
  • epidemiology: Helicobacter pylori

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Botulism
  • epidemiology: Clostridium botulinum

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Staphylococcal Intoxication
  • epidemiology: Staphylococcus aureus

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Mycotoxicosis
  • epidemiology: Aspergillus flavus, Aminita spp. (fungi)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Enteritis
  • epidemiology: Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni (bacteria); Rotavirus , Coxsackie virus, Echovirus (viruses)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Giardiasis
  • epidemiology: Giardia lamblia (protozoan)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Cryptosporidiosis
  • epidemiology: Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Cholera
  • epidemiology: Vibrio cholerae (bacterium)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Bacillary Dysentery
  • epidemiology: Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei (bacteria)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Amebic Dysentery (Amebiasis)
  • epidemiology: Entamoeba histolytica (protozoan)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Typhoid Fever
  • epidemiology: Salmonella typhi (bacterium)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Poliomyelitis
  • epidemiology: Polio Virus

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Hepatitis A and E
  • epidemiology: Hepatitis Viruses A and E

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Toxoplasmosis
  • epidemiology: Toxoplasma gondii (protozoan)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Pinworm (Enterobiasis)
  • epidemiology: Enterobius vermicularis (roundworm)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Trichinosis
  • epidemiology: Trichinella spiralis (roundworm)

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention:

• Tapeworm
  • epidemiology: Taenia saginata (beef), Taenia solium (pork), Diphyllobothrium latum (fish) - these are all flatworms

  • pathogenesis:

  • treatment:

  • prevention: