MBI 111 Microorganisms and Human Disease

Human Defenses Against Parasitism 

Inborn Physiological Strategies: Resistance

• External resistance factors
  • physical
    • barriers -

    • environmental conditions -

    • flushing action -

  • chemical
    • salts -

    • acids -

    • lipids -

    • enzymes -

  • cellular
    • normal microbiota -

    • phagocytes - use phagocytosis to engulf and destroy microbes
      • adhesion (attachment) -

      • ingestion (engulfment) -

      • digestion/killing -

      • egestion -

• Internal resistance factors
  • physical -

  • chemical -

  • cellular -
    • inflammation
      • histamine -

      • permeability -

      • phagocytes, etc. -

      • cardinal signs -

    • phagocytosis

Acquired Physiological Strategies: Immunity

• Antibody-mediated immunity (AMI)
  • antibody responses -
    •  

  • mechanisms of action (ways in which AMI functions)
    • neutralization -

    • antibody/complement-mediated lysis -

    • opsonization -

• Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
  • cellular responses -
    •  
  • mechanisms of action (ways in which CMI functions)
    • cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) -

    • macrophages -

Coping Strategies

• Vaccines are killed or attenuated (weakened) preparations containing microbial antigens that are used to stimulate immune responses without causing disease
  • toxoid vaccines -

  • killed vaccines -

  • live attenuated vaccines -

  • recombinant vaccines -

  • DNA vaccines -

Other agents that control growth of microorganisms
• sterilant -

   

• germicide -

   

  • disinfectant -

     

  • antiseptic -

     

• incineration -

   

• hot-air oven -

   

• boiling -

   

• autoclaving -

   

• pasteurization -

   

• radiation -

   

• filtration -

• Chemotherapeutic Agents (CTAs)
  • origin -

  • mechanisms of action - CTAs work by damaging:
    • metabolites -

    • membranes -

    • cell walls -

    • protein synthesis -

    • nucleic acid synthesis -

  • spectrum -

  • selective toxicity -

  • resistance -

  • effectiveness -

  • testing bacterial and fungal cultures for antibiotic sensitivity -

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This is the end of the lecture outlines for Exam 1!

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© 1995-2009 John R. Stevenson. All Rights Reserved


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Please email questions and comments to:
John R. Stevenson, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Microbiology
Miami University
Oxford, Ohio 45056
USA

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This document was last modified on Wednesday, 11-Feb-2009 22:10:50 EST